The Scarlet Letter Punishment or Praise - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 925 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: The Scarlet Letter Essay Did you like this example? When a sin is committed, the consequence does not have a good connotation. Instead it marks the sin and points out the wrong in it. This is exactly what Hester Prynne experiences in The Scarlet Letter. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Scarlet Letter: Punishment or Praise" essay for you Create order Hester commits adultery while her husband is away and is put on trial for it. The consequence is determined that she will bear scarlet letter A on her chest. Even though the letter was intended to be a punishment, it didnt always symbolize shame. At the initial time of the punishment, Hester Prynne was shamed by society because of her sin. This would be expected of society after they had tried a woman for adultery and determined a consequence. The whole point of the scarlet letter was to put shame on Hesters life. Hawthorne says that the purpose of the letter was that she, for the remainder of her natural life, to wear a mark of shame upon her bosom (54). Even in real life, there is a little shame that goes along with sin. Whether it is people shaming themselves or being shamed by friends and family there is most always a little shame and disgust with sin. In this time of life, shame is not to the extent of a life-long ridicule like Hester was to experience but it is at least enough to get people back on track. So even though societys intent in this punishment of the scarlet letter was to make a bad example of Hester Prynne, the symbolism of this mark of shame was subject to change. As the story progresses the scarlet letter that had once been such an annoyance to Hester was beginning to become more of a good thing in her life. Since Hester had realized she could not get away from the letter, she decided to embrace it. Instead of spending her life in a corner and letting society control her, she begins to become a regular in the town, always willing to be kind, help, and love on those who needed it. This very way of living began to change to hearts of society. They began to look past the mark of shame and rather see Hester as a great example of how a woman should live their lives; kind, loving, helpful, compassionate. Some even went as far to view the meaning of the letter differently. Saying it was instead to mean Able as for Hester was so strong a woman (Hawthorne 134). Soon most all of the town considered Hester in this new way and did not notice the letter anymore. It is truly amazing how much opinions can change over time. It must be asked though, how can such a hatred for adultery and Hester, who committed it, turn into a love for her over some time? Even though hatred, at least in some movies, is altered from being this deep anger into a sorrow and shame for what the hater did or had committed. This certainly cannot be turned into love? Hawthorne would disagree when he says that hatred, by a gradual and quiet process, is always turned into love (133). This slow and quiet process often includes God and an active relationship with Him. It is very hard to achieve this insane turnaround without God but with Him, it becomes very easy with His grace and abundant mercy that is inside those who are saved through Christ. So through Hester changing the way she views her scarlet letter, in turn changes the way society views it as well. Lastly, as Hesters daughter Pearl grows older, the letter becomes a token to Prynne. Pearl is the light that was always in Hesters life even in the darkest times. She was always there for her mother when she needed it. Through this, Hester sees Pearl as a symbol of hope and promise. Since her sin was the reason Pearl is alive, it eases the pain of being adulterous. And since the scarlet letter proves Pearls existence, Hester ends up considering the scarlet letter to symbolize Pearl and all the hope she brings to Prynnes life. Hawthorne writes Pearl was the gem on her mothers bosom (187). This is the last change in the symbolism of the scarlet letter but it is the one that Hester enjoys the most because Pearl is more important to her than what society would think of her, good or bad. In conclusion, the initial meaning of the letter A on Hesters bosom did not remain the same throughout the story. As it was intended, it started out as a mark of shame and disgust but it did not stay that way. Hester soon realizes she cannot get away from the letter so instead she embraces it. She becomes a very kind and loving woman to the society around her. This in turn changed the hearts of the people and posed a new meaning of the letter to be Able. However once again, as Pearl grows older, the symbolism changes again. Since the scarlet letter represents Pearls existence Hester considers it to symbolize Pearl herself and the hope she brings to Hesters life. All of these changes show people that the way something is intended is not always how it ends up. Hatred can be turned to love and sin can change someones life for the better. However none of this is possible without the presence of God in peoples lives. His love, mercy, and grace is the only thing that has the power to chang e a life and the question is, has it changed yours?

Cultural Diversity and Louie - 2086 Words

Introduction 1) Does Louie have a problem, or are the people who made the negative comments about Louie just being too sensitive? According to the article, the manager named Louie does have problem. The people who made the negative comments are not being too sensitive since the comments about him are true although he may not realize that. Louie has discrimination problem against female (para.3 and 8), homosexual (para. 4), older people (para. 5) and other races of people were judged by him with his own perception which might be wrong. (para. 7) As we saw from study case, Louie insulted a female customer to discuss with her husband in order to get new exhaust system instead of making decision by her.†¦show more content†¦Then, the company faces the problem of losing customers. Therefore, company has to take Louie’s problem seriously. Company has to be careful when take correct approach to solve the problem. The approach should be effective and simultaneously will not upset Louie. 3) What improvement might Louie need to make to become a truly multicultural manager? There are some improvements that Louie can make in order for him to be a more efficient manager in a diverse workplace. First of all, Louie can be more open-minded and down to the earth in today’s modern world. Louie can learn to value the differences of other people and respect their opinions. Louie had to respect customers by accepting and adopting their value and believes. Louie should be humble and ask for other people ideas or opinions when making decision due to the differences of ideas that shared among each others will help Louie to learn others culture. At the same time, listening to others’ ideas and experiences is a way to understand other from different situations and different perspectives. Besides that, Louie should enhance himself with personal ethnic and soft skills. Louie should not have the idea of genders, homosexual and senior citizens discrimination. It is essential for Louie to leave those outdate opinion behind. Therefore, Louie is encouraged to go for trainingShow MoreRelatedExposure At Diversity And Time Spent Studying Diversity Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pagespoint that comes from this research is, exposure to diversity and time spent studying diversity helps develop empathy in the student. Second, a knowledge of diversity due to exposure to it in secondary schools allow students to develop meaningful relationships with people that are different than themselves as well as prevent anxiety for when they enter the world outside of their secondary school. 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Broadcasting Study Guide Free Essays

string(26) " it is a targeted medium\." BCA 210 Study Guide – Exam 2 Terms: Audion tube: Created by Lee de Forest, this improved the clarity of radio signal reception in 1907. This detected radio waves and pin points sounds. Lee de Forest perfected this glass bulb. We will write a custom essay sample on Broadcasting Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Payola: 1960s, the practice of accepting payment to play specific recordings on the air. Disc jockeys were charged for bribery for accepting money to play music, the most famous, Alan Freed who worked in Cleveland who was credited with coining the term for rock ‘n’ roll. Cross ownership: The practice of one company owning radio and TV stations in the same broadcast market. This was a result of the telecommunication Act. Narrowcasting: Identifying a specific audience segment and programming for it. General manager (in radio): Runs the radio station. Program manager (in radio): They oversee what goes on the air, including the news programs, the station’s format and any on-air people. Kinetoscope: 1888, Thomas Edison’s idea, William K. L. Dickinson created. Perforated film and sprockets to minimize jumps. Peepshow viewer. The first parlor was in April of 1894 in New York City. Talkies: Sound added to movies. The vitaphone preludes, 1926, seven shorts w/ sounds. Al Jolson, first feature-length motion picture with sound. It contained two sections with synchronized sound made by the Warner Bros. Digital Projectors: Satellite distribution: internet distribution: Ancillary rights: Marketing opportunities related to a movie, in addition to direct income from the movie itself. The â€Å"Big Five†: 1930s, Warner Bros. , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount, RKO and Twentieth Century Fox all dominated the movie business. They were all vertically integrated; they produced movies, distributed them worldwide and owned theater chains, which guaranteed their pictures being shown. The â€Å"Hollywood Ten†: J. Parnell Thomas summoned 10 â€Å"unfriendly† witnesses from Hollywood to testify about their Communist connections. Consisted of 8 hollywood screenwriters and two directors. Their strategy was to appear before the committee as a group and to avoid answering the direct question. They tried to make statements that questioned the committee’s authority to challenge their political beliefs. The witnesses were found in contempt, some were sentenced to jail and others were fined. By the end, they all lost their jobs. Cable television/CATV: Community antenna television or cable tv. Cathode Ray Tube: Created by Philo T. Farnsworth in California, he called it the dissector tube. It used an electronic scanner to reproduce the electronic image much more clearly than Nipkow’s earlier mechanical scanning device. He patented his electronic scanner. Advertiser Produced TV: Programs: Quiz shows, variety shows, situation comedies, drama, westerns, detective stories, detective stories, movies, soap operas and talk shows. HDTV: The US switched to national high-definition tv transmission standard in 2009. It scans 1,125 lines across the screen. It requires more spectrum space than conventional tv signals. Digital tv makes it easier for manufacturers to combine the functions of TV and the functions of a computer in the same piece of equipment. A. C. Nielsen: The company dominated the tv ratings business. Ratings describe the audience to advertisers; based on the Nielsens, advertisers pay for the commercial time to reach the audiences they want. Rating: The percentage of the total number of households with TV sets tuned to a particular program. Give sponsors information about the audience they’re reaching with their advertising, what advertisers are getting for their money. Share: The percentage of the audiences turn on that is watching a particular program. Demographics: Date about consumers’ characteristics, such as age, occupation and income level. Network affiliates: Stations that use network programming but are owned by companies other than the networks, not networked owned. Syndication: Services that sell programming to broadcast stations and cable. Independently produced programming. Oprah, Jeopardy, Wheel of Fortune. Analog: In mass communications, a type of technology used in broadcasting, whereby video or audio information is sent as continuous signals through the air on specific airwave frequencies. Digital transmission: Telenovelas: are spanish language shows. These give a new audience, unison draws more viewers than all english language networks. the Internet: delivers all types of media, print, broadcast, movies and recordings using a single delivery system without barriers. Combines millions of computer networks sending and receiving data from all over the world. There is no common owner. Browser: Created by Tim Berners-Lee. Software that allows people to display and interact with information on Web pages. They can search electronically HTML/HTPP: Created by Tim Berners-Lee. Hypertext markup language/Hypertext transfer protocol. These allow people to create and send text, graphics and video information electronically and also set up electronic connections from one source of information to another. Sales (in television): people in the sales department sell the commercial slots for the programs. Advertising is divided into national and local sales. Advertising agencies, buy nationsl ads for the products they handle. (An ad agency may buy time on a network for the ford company, for a tv ad that will run all over the country simultaneously) Traffic (in television): traffic department integrates the advertising with the programming, making sure that all the ads that are sold are aired when they’re spposed to be. Traffic also handles billing for the ads. Traditional media: Digital/Multimedia: describes all forms of communications media that combine text, pictures, sound and video using computer technology. Bits: Intellectual property rights: The legal right of ownership of ideas and content published in any medium. There are various copyright holders that have used court challenges to establish their legal ownership. Internet service provider (ISP): Also called an internet access provider. This can be a telephone, satellite or cable company, to organize and deliver internet information and entertainment. Web income is made by the money people pay their ISP to connect to the Web. Digital subscriber line (DSL): Signal or data compression: the process of squeezing digital content into a smaller electronic space. Online/Web advertising: advertising is the second potential source of income on the web. They have banners or borders on pages. The seller can know exactly who the buyer is since it is a targeted medium. You read "Broadcasting Study Guide" in category "Essay examples" There is internet tracking that helps advertisers gain information about the audiences for their ads. Digital Divide: The lack of access to digital technology among low-income, rural and minority groups. People -Heinrich Hertz: Responsible for first describing radio waves in 1887 in germany. Guglielmo Marconi: Promotion of wireless radio wave transmission beginning in 1899 with the America’s Cup race. Made morse code. Marketed his device. Thought of a way that messages should be able to travel across space without a wire. -Lee de Forest: â€Å"Father of radio† Made the audion in 1907, made radio practical to today’s radio, pin pointed the sound. -David Sarnoff: made radio broadcasting a viable business in the United States. â€Å"radio for the people† Made red and blue networks, worked for NBC. He wanted to make radio for households. -Edwin H. Armstrong: Responsible for licensing frequency modulation (FM). -William S. Paley: Made radio broadcasting a viable business for the United States. Worked for CBS created 25 stations. -Thomas Edison: idea for the kinetoscope in 1888, made William K. L. Dickson create it. -Rupert Murdoch: Owner of fox broadcasting joined US media business from Australia and was able to accumulate so many media companies in a short amount of time. -Charlie Chaplin: founded united artists in 1919. They rebelled against the strict studio system of distribution and formed their own studio. â€Å"Fatty â€Å" Arbuckle: Comedian, hosted a marathon party in San Fran. A model was rushed to the hospital for stomach pains, she died at the hospital and fatty was charged with murder but then reduced to manslaughter. After three trials, he was acquitted. -Florence Lawrence: first movie star. Uncredited â€Å"Biograph girl†. She received screen credit from Carl Laemmle. This began the start of salaried sta rs and production staff to be under exclusive contracts. -Mary Pickford: Left biograph to join Laemmle by doubling her salary. She became one of the most influential women in early hollywood. She helped to finance the independent studio United Artists. -Edward R. Murrow: Early news figure at CBS, created the earl standards for broadcast news. -Philo T. Farnsworth: added the electronic scanner. Developed the cathode ray tube. He patented the scanner -Vladimir Zworykin: developed an all-electronic system to transform a visual image into an electronic signal that traveled through the air. When the signal reached the tv receiver the signal was transformed again into a visual image for the viewer. -David Brinkley: broadcast news pioneer who began at NBC. News broadcaster -Tim Berners-Lee: developed programming languages that allow people to share all types of information online, and the first browser which allowed people to view information online in 1989. -Newton Minow: Public conscience. Hired at the FCC by JFK. Asked broadcast station owners and managers to watch their own programs. He said they would find a vast wasteland. He outlined tvs responsibilities to its audiences. -Nicholas Negroponte: at the massachusetts institute of technology first uses the term convergence to describe the intersection of industries. Said that the combination of the traditional media industries with the computer industry would create a new type of communication. He created two models to show the position of the media industries in 78 and his projected vision for those industries in 2000. he listed three segments of the media business; print and publishing, broadcast and motion pictures, and the computer industry. The theory of convergence helped to shape todays thinking about the internet. Stations/Studios/Companies/Associations/etc: -KDKA: was the first commercial radio station in Pittsburgh. KDKA began daily one-hour evening schedules broadcasting from 8:30 to 9:30. they proved that regular programing could attract a loyal audience. -WEAF: New York. Weaf started selling advertising time to sponsors. This settled the issue of who would pay the cost of airing the programs.. Sold blocks of time. -RCA: government approved private monopoly. david sarnoff was general manager. He became tv’s biggest promoter. RCA faced criticism about its broad control over the airwaves because it continued to be the world’s largest distributor of radios. NBC (red and blue): created by David Sarnoff at NBC in 1926. The red network was fed from WEAF in New York. The blue network originated from station WJZ in Newark. Station engineers drew the planned hookups of the two networks with red and blue colored pencils which is how the networks got their names. One of the first tv networks. -ABC: American broadcasting company, the selling of this company to Edward Noble gave the country a three-network radio system. -ASCAP: American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers. Created blanket licensing of music broadcasting over the radio. FCC: Federal Communications Commission. Granted frequency licenses. FCC ordered NBC to divest one of its networks. FCC recognizes FM -National Public Radio: 1970, goes on air. Government began funding the NPR in 1967. By design, public radio was created as an alternative to commercial radio. Depends primarily on private donations to survive. Started the program All things considered for the evening drive-time and launched the morning edition. -Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association: In 1930, they adopted a production code to control movie content. Will Hays was the president. The code had three principles: No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards, correct standards of life, subject only to the requirements of drama and entertainment shall be presented, law, natural or human, shall not be ridiculed. The code is then divided into 12 categories of wrongdoing. Murder. Sex. Obscenity. Costume. -United Artists: Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, Douglas Fairbanks and DW Griffith, independent studio run by the stars themselves in 1919. -Disney: Walt Disney, only 1930’s newcomer to the movie business. Created snow white 7 dwarfs which was the first full-length animated feature. Grey to media company we know today. -CBS: First tv networks. Created by William Paley. Had 25 stations. Later, in 1947, CBS began broadcasting television news. -CNN: Started in 1979 by Ted Turner, CNN’s global reach gives the US audience instant access to new about international events. Modern satellites made this possible. -TNT: 1976. Part of the cable industry. Happenings -â€Å"War of the Worlds†: Orson Welles, Mercury Theater. Night before Halloween. Aired dramatized version of â€Å"war of the worlds† as a live news broadcast. Some people thought that it was really happening. This challenged radio’s authority/credibility. -American motion picture premier: Edison organized the first American motion picture premiere with an improved camera developed by independent inventor Thomas Armat. Edison dubbed the new machine the Vitascope, and the first public showing of the picture was on April 23rth 1896 at Koster and Bial’s Theater in New York. This spawned nickelodeons. -US v. Paramount Pictures case: Limit block booking to five, stop blind booking, stop requiring short film rentals, stop buying theaters. -quiz show scandals: Brought about an ethics scandal in 1958. aused the netwoks to reexamine the relationship between advertisers and programs. The networks turned to other sources such as independent producers, for their programming. Charles Van Doren played on twenty one, he won 129,000 admitted he was fed the answers. -Radio Act of 1912:Licensing, limited freedom. Public Convenience, interest or necessity. Used for the basis of broadcasting. -R adio Act of 1927: formed the Federal Radio commission under the jurisdiction of the department of commerce. The president appointed the commission’s five members, with the Senate’s approval. Stations operate as a public convenience, interest or necessity requires. † Also became the license holder. Stations could operate only with the government’s approval and stations needed commission approval to be sold or transferred. This became the foundation for all broadcast regulation in the United states. -Digital Millennium Copyright Act: in 1998, made it illegal to share copyrighted material on the internet. -Public Broadcasting Act of 1967: created the corporation for Public Broadcasting and included funding for public radio and tv stations. Telecommunications Act of 1996: first major overhaul of broadcast regulation since the federal communications commission was established. The legacy of the act is that commercial radio is regulated much less than the 70s. T his is called the policy of deregulation. It removed ownership limits. Allowed cross ownership, prompted consolidation. Concepts -Radio vs. TV programming: -Race movies: pioneered the art of breaking stereotypes. These films showcased all black casts in a variety of genres including westerns, mysteries, romances and melodramas. -Hays Office production code: May not lower moral standard of viewers. Proper standards of life. Respect for law. No sympathy for violators. Murder should not inspire imitation. No lustful kissing or lustful embraces. No obscenity. Costumes must not be indecent, dancing movements that are exposing or indecent are forbidden. -syndicated TV programming: are independently produced programming. Oprah, jeopardy, wheel of fortune. Services that sell programming to broadcast stations and cable. -1950s television boom: -TV’s impact on sports: CBS paid 28 million for NFL rights, in 1990 it cost 3. 6 billion (now even higher). TV funds much of professional sports. Expansion to cable (ESPN) -Spanish language TV: New audience. Unison draws more viewers than all english language networks. Telenovelas. -Web advertising: banners and ads. They can target their audiences by tracking. -Convergence: Melding of communications, computer and electronics industries. Movies -The Great Train Robbery: is a 1903 American western film written, produced, and directed by Edwin S. Porter. 12 minutes long, it is considered a milestone in film making. The film used a number of innovative techniques including composite editing, camera movement and on location shooting. The Birth of a Nation: 1915. First budget, feature-length film spectacular. D. W. Griffith. Now recalled for racist themes. Drawing specialized audiences. Oscar Micheaux’s work countered birth of a nation. -The Jazz Singer: is a 1927 American musical film. The first feature-length motion picture with synchronized dialogue sequences, its release heralded the commercial ascendance of the â€Å"ta lkies† and the decline of the silent film era. Directed by Alan Crosland and produced by Warner Bros. with its Vitaphone sound-on-disc system, the movie stars Al Jolson, who performs six songs. The film is based on The Day of Atonement, a play by Samson Raphaelson. -Steamboat Willie: Disney in 1928. is a 1928 American animated short film directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. It was produced in black-and-white by the Walt Disney Studios and released by Celebrity Productions. The cartoon is considered the debut of Mickey Mouse, -Snow White and the Seven Dwarves: Disney, 1937. first full-length animated feature. Cost 2. 25 million, as much as an MGM, musical. -Empire of the Air: Proved that radio is an ideal medium for reaching masses of the US, your geographic location is not affected by it. Government issued patents that caused friction. All about money—Sarnoff controlled everything and created a network. The film reflects capitalism and the â€Å"american dream† he was an immigrant and created this entertainment to become rich. Drive ourselves and need new technology to become elite. -Sunset Boulevard: Film noir. Used a mirror in the water to give the illusion of being underwater. -Quiz Show: Quiz Show is a 1994 American historical drama film produced and directed by Robert Redford. Charles Van Doren won 129,000 but was fed the answers. –The Social Network How to cite Broadcasting Study Guide, Essay examples

Philippine Typhoons Essay Example For Students

Philippine Typhoons Essay A. List of Natural Disaster or Calamities That Hit the Country Three Years Ago 2010 Typhoons Typhoon Basyang International name: Conson Formed: July 11 Dissolved: July 15 Damaged Areas: Southern Central Luzon Death Toll: 104 53, 486 families were affected 27, 851 houses were damaged property Damage: Php 377, 975, 880 Typhoon Caloy International name: Chanthu Formed: July 17 Dissolved: July 23 Damaged Areas: Aurora Nueva EciJa Benguet Death Toll: 23 465 families were affected Property Damage: Php 191 M Typhoon Juan International name: Megi Formed: October 12 Dissolved: October 14 Damaged Areas: Luzon Death Toll: 31 427, 962 families were affected Property Damage: Php 12. 03 B Earthquake Moro Gulf July 23 First Earthquake: 6:08 AM (7. 3 Magnitude) Second Earthquake: 6:19 AM (5. 4 Magnitude) Third Earthquake: 6:51 AM (7. 6 Magnitude) Fourth Earthquake: 5 AM (7. 4 Magnitude) Typhoon Falcon International name: Meari Formed: June 23 Dissolved: June 24 Damaged Areas: Tarlac, Pampanga, Albay Olongapo, Camarines Norte Catanduanes, Metro Manila Death Toll: 15 370, 549 families were affected Property Damage: Php 563. 674 M Typhoon Juaning International name: Nock-Ten Formed: July 23 Dissolved: July 31 Damaged Areas: Albay, Camarines Sur Catanduanes, Masbate, Sorsogon Metro Manila, Camarines Norte Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite Death Toll: 67 195, 206 families were affected Property Damage: Php 274. 679 M Typhoon Kabayan International name: Muifa Formed: July 28 Dissolved: August 5 Damaged Areas: Pangasinan, Bulacan, Pampanga Batangas, Cavite, Metro Manila, Bohol Death Toll: 1200 21870 families were affected Property Damage: Php 2. 5 M Typhoon Pedring International name: Nesat We will write a custom essay on Philippine Typhoons specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Formed: September 24 Dissolved: September 30 Damaged Areas: Manila, Roxas Blvd Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva EciJa Death Toll: 50 Property Damage: Php 1 B Typhoon Ramon Formed: October 9 Dissolved: October 16 Damaged Areas: Mindoro, Marinduque Romblon, Palawan, Northern Mindanao Death Toll: 100 5, 916 families were affected Typhoon Sendong International name: Washi Formed: December 18 Dissolved: December 19 Damaged Areas: Surigao Del Sur, Sulu Sea Palawan, Sagayan De Oro, ligan Death Toll: 1, 453 720, 000 families were affected Property Damage: Php 1. 143 B Negros Island July 11 Magnitude: 6. 4 4:47 AM July 26 Magnitude: 5. 9 1:15 AM 2012 Typhoon Butchoy International name: Guchol Formed: June 10 Dissolved: June 20 Damaged Areas: Malabon, Cagayan Metro Manila, CAR, Region II El Nido, Palawan Death Toll: 10 4,626 families were affected Property Damage: Php Pl . 044 million Typhoon Lawin International name: Dissolved: October 1 Damaged Areas: Zamboanga, Palawan Occidental Mindoro, Cebu Death Toll: 3 3, 134 families were affected Property Damage: Php Typhoon Pablo International name: Bopha Formed: November 25 Dissolved: December 9 Damaged Areas: Regions l, IV-B, VI, VI, X, X, X, ARMM CARAGA Death Toll: 1067 711 ,682 families were affected property Damage: Php 2013 Typhoon Huaning International name: Soulik Formed: July 7 Dissolved: July 14 Damaged Areas: Albay, Catanduanes Camarines Sur, Cavite Death Toll: 57 192,698 families were affected Typhoon Labuyo International name: Utor Formed: August 8 Dissolved: August 18 Damaged Areas: Aurora, Zambales Quirino Province 82, 579 families were affected property Damage: Php 1, 418, 685, 679. 89 Typhoon Yolanda International name: Haiyan Formed: November 3 Damaged Areas: Leyte, Samar, Capiz Cebu, Guimaras Death Toll: 5500 1, 757 missing 9, 927, 335 families were affected 574, 392 houses were damaged property Damage: Php 24, 539, 251, 407. 26 Bohol Earthquake October 1 5 Magnitude 7. 2 8:12 AM Epicentre: Sagbayan, Bohol Areas: Cebu, Bohol, SiquiJor Death Toll: 222 Injured: 976 671, 103 families affected property Damage: 2, 257, 337, 182. 90 B. List of Man-Made or Unnatural Disasters Manila Bombing January 25, 2011 EDSA Makati Dead: 4 St. Thomas Aquinas August 13, 2013 Dead: 40 Missing: 170

The industrialisation of Ireland free essay sample

Ireland went through industrial transformation in the period of the 1960s and 1970s. This essay will argue that the changes were felt more and had a greater impact on rural Ireland. Using documentary evidence and primary sources of information this essay will show that these changes affected areas such as, economy, families, rural communities and in particular, women. The government’s role in industrialisation will be acknowledged as having a positive and negative effect on rural society. This essay will also show that, along with the upwardly mobilisation of Ireland, new problems arose out of industrialisation that would require attention and legislation with regards to the new roles women would play in employment. Inequality and gender discrimination are two of these problems that this essay will show had negative effects due to industrialisation. The consequences for rural residents were also double sided, along with a prosperous new consumer society, lower unemployment and the need for emigration being reduced, came the importance of the farm and keeping the name on the land disappeared, with new industry came new social problems and people had to mobilise themselves to compete for employment, thus the countryside went through ecological change. We will write a custom essay sample on The industrialisation of Ireland or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The industrialisation of Ireland beginning in the period of the 1960s meant there would be a significant shift from the agrarian culture to the industrial era, and industry became the main factor in the working society. Ireland prior to the 1960s was traditionally an agricultural nation but economic growth was stale, emigration levels were high and in the west of Ireland in particular, low unemployment led to poverty and depression. As will be stated later, change was needed and this new wave of industry which was a break away from the assembly line style of production known as Fordism, instead the concept of post-Fordism which is a more flexible and diverse style of production was upon Ireland. Companies had to restructure their production styles to accommodate the consumer at home and abroad, by having flexible working practises, global locations and in time delivery services (Slater 1995). In Rural Ireland the effects these industries had on the local farming community would change the face of farming forever. The new roles women would take up in the family unit and the boost in revenue due to women now working outside of the farm was immense. On the down side the functionality of the family also changed, but not in a good sense, as women were no longer the main influence on children’s lives. The dynamics of the family had to readjust to fit in line with industrialisation. With the onset of modern industrialisation, Ireland had to change from an import to an export led development state, in order to compete with its European neighbours or face being left behind. As the western world was changing, Ireland had to change with it. In 1949 the founding of the Industrial Development Authority was central to the government’s plans for economic change in Ireland. The IDA along with the backing of the government had access to discretionary funds to use in the aggressive pursuit of direct foreign investment to Ireland. This meant setting up links with America and Europe but America would be the main area for the IDA to operate and attract large multi nationals companies to Ireland. During the 1950s there was a period of transition when Ireland was changing both socially and economically and economic growth was slow until 1958, when, according to Pyle (1990) â€Å"the change was formalised by two 1958 government documents, Economic Development and the first Programme for Economic Expansion† (p. 18). Although progress was slow, it was not until 1973 when Ireland entered the EEC that significant change was seen, as companies that had invested and located in Ireland now had access to the rest of Western Europe and as a result, Ireland had one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The changes that began to occur from 1960 onwards had both positive and negative effects in Ireland and both of these effects had more impact in rural communities rather than their counterparts in the bigger cities. The role of the government in the industrialisation of Ireland cannot be understated. One leading government figure at the time was civil servant and secretary of the Department of Finance Mr Ken Whittaker. He and his team were the first forward thinkers in terms of the change of policy that was needed for Ireland to progress as an export nation. Some of the early changes that were made included, controls on foreign ownership of businesses were scrapped and a free trade agreement was signed with Britain (IDA 2003:10). These changes were so successful â€Å"that by 1975 the IDA had secured more than 450 foreign owned industrial projects† (IDA 2003:11). Significant financial measures were put in place by the government to attract businesses to Ireland such as, low tax on profits, export sales relief and the group relief scheme which allowed groups of companies to be taxed as a single entity (Brophy 1985:40). There are several reasons why the first multi-national companies set up base in the west of Ireland and land price is probably the main one. Other reasons include the lack of trade unions, unskilled workers and education levels were considerably lower than that of the foreign investor, and these reasons may have been seen as a way of exploiting the poor and unemployed rural people of Western Ireland. During the two decades of industrial change in Ireland beginning in the 1960s, the consequences of industrialisation had a dramatic effect on why rural Ireland would change indefinitely. It can be seen by today’s society that the tradition of keeping the name on the land for small holdings in rural Ireland was no longer of great importance, some of the reasons for this were, women took up roles in factories, men also left the farm for steady regular wages and better working conditions, the location of these factories impacted on the infrastructure of the community and in my view the church no longer had the biggest impact on people’s lives, instead the factory was now the central hub of the community. Livelihoods in the surrounding areas of these multi nationals were no longer dependant on the farm as while most men stayed and worked the land, the women and surplus children that would have previously emigrated were working in the factory and bringing home the majority of the family income. Although Ireland was seen as a developing country the west of Ireland was behind the times with regards to personal entitlements, working conditions and rates of pay for rates of work, this is why it is argued that industrialisation affected rural more than the urban societies and why these companies set up in the west of Ireland. Pyle (1990) states, â€Å"Multinational companies located in developing countries primarily because they are labour intensive industries seeking low wage workers† (p. 5). It can be argued that multi-national companies cornered the market when it comes to exploitation and discrimination in the workplace. It is common knowledge that before and during this time period that women were paid less than men and it was legally correct to do so. Women were seen as desirable workers for a number of reasons, they could be paid less, the sense of liberation they got from employment meant they would be happy with any wage and because of their abilities in the domestic environment with regards to dexterity and co-ordination, they were considered semi-skilled. In my view foreign investors may have been led to consider that women were more used to mundane and menial tasks and would be more suitable than men for the conveyor belt style of manufacturing. This essay stated earlier that government policy played a major role in industrialisation, but up until the late 1970s there were no policies for equality in the workplace. Women that worked in the service industry in particular were subject to many discriminatory laws such as, the marriage bar, which meant that females in employment had to resign when they became married (commission on the status of women, 1972:252). The marriage bar remained in place until the Employment Equality act 1977 (Pyle 1990:87). Considering women in rural Ireland worked on farms and carried considerable weights including the weight of pregnancy, they were discriminated on the weightlifting provision which hindered the amount of women employed in sectors like textiles and clothing. Women were not allowed to carry more than 16kg and this weight would have been an expected weight to carry in these industries (Pyle 1990:89). Rural Ireland changed forever after the onset of industrialisation and the role of the woman changed along with it. There was a new society in the making and it was a society based on consumerism. Liberated women in the west of Ireland now had access to a city style shopping environment. Women also had money in their pockets and did not have to go cap in hand to their husbands or fathers requesting money. Industrialisation had a snowball effect in the economy where it was responsible for new businesses in the surrounding areas. New identities were formed among both genders in rural Ireland and these changes created new classes of people. For the first time women had a standing in the community and this was because they had a new  role to perform outside of the farm. Rural Ireland was modernising. â€Å"These different changes in society and the introduction of married and single women into the paid workforce are a key indicator of the modernisation of Ireland† Conway et al. (2012:133). Quinn (2000) is in agreement with this essay, in her Thesis on farm wives in rural Ireland, she states, â€Å"farmer’s wives are no longer confined to the farm as housewives and carry out women’s work instead new avenues of opportunity have been opened due to rural industrialisation† (52). Another significant shift in consumerism came with regards to transport, the need for both public and private transport led to workers becoming dependant on motorised forms of transport. This did not only affect rural Ireland in a positive way, with more employment being created in the transport industry, as a consequence the countryside and small towns and villages became flooded with industrial and private traffic and this brought pollution and devastation to the eco systems in these rural areas. This essay has discussed how industrialisation changed Ireland and in particular how it changed the most in rural Ireland. In order to discover the implications of these changes this essay has given a history on the beginning of industrialisation in the 1960s and how it affected the farming community and how it changed the dynamics of the family unit. Arguments could not be made without explaining the government’s role in industrialisation and the process and departments involved in coming up with the strategy to attract multinational companies to Ireland. The change in Ireland’s economy was to be a radical one and this essay described what developments were made and bodies set up to enable economic expansion. I have stated that the Industrial Development Authority were central to the government’s plans to overhaul the country’s economy. My views on the consequences that these factories had on rural Ireland are shown in this essay, when it is stated that the tradition of keeping the name on the land became almost extinct and how the factory became central to a towns environment. Out of industrialisation came other negative issues that would affect women more so than men and this essay explained the impact that inequality had on these women. The final point this essay makes is how a new society of consumerism was born out of industrialisation and the new roles that women would take on affected the community, the family and the farm.

Election of 1876 essays

Election of 1876 essays Why Hayes Should Not Have Won the Election The position of President is the most important position in the United States government. Wouldnt you think that we should have the very best man in that position that we can get? I, Samuel Tilden, feel that the Election of 1876 was a disgrace to the history of our government. I still believe that I should have won that election because of corruption of the voting process itself, he didnt have the organization a president should have and because the people wanted me to win, not Rutherford. I certainly believe that the chosen president should reflect the peoples choice. One reason why Hayes should not be president is because of the Election of 1876 itself. When the votes were counted and sent in to Washington, I was the clear winner; 203 to 165 electoral votes (Haworth 76). However, the vile Republicans decided to change the votes of the three states they still controlled by throwing away Democratic votes! Obviously this isnt how the leaders of the United States should be acting. You cant change what the people want by throwing out votes. Later, when Congress held a meeting to decide whom the winner should be, there was an unfair amount of Republicans over Democrats, so we were bound to lose. We accepted the Compromise of 1877 because another Civil War would not be worth it (Robinson 111). After Hayes became president, he didnt know what to do with his new position. He didnt have the confidence a President of the United States should have. Of course, he had a couple of ideas he wanted to try, such as wiping out the color line and abolishing sectionalism, but his major plans didnt work (Haworth 125). When he assigned a southerner as postmaster general and withdrew troops from the south, the last two Republican states turned Democratic. Hayes was quoted saying, I am reluctantly forced to admit that the experiment was a failure ...

Research on medical ethics Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

On medical ethics - Research Paper Example The present usage of best-practice anti-malaria drugs, optimal forms of pilot training in high-G environments, and some forms of optimal fitness training for the soldiers are also examples of the end results of military medical research. Ethics has always been an integral component of every walk of life. The profession of arms, like any profession, lays down codes of conduct for medical too that bind members of a ship, a regiment, or a squadron, or an entire service or nation. Many tenets of military medical ethics at the national or international level are understood as the Laws of War, most formally codified in the Geneva Conventions. (Pearn, 2005, 10) By contrast, at the individual level, issues of medical ethical import are a recent phenomenon. (Day, 2005, 349) Military dictates of discipline, control by line of command, and the subservience of any individual rights for the greater aim-all are themes that, at least in the historical context, have made medical ethics questions irrelevant. The core doctrines on which the discipline of medical ethics is built beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice often represent the antithesis of what service members are required to do. (Gillon, 2004, 186) Historically, a parallel system of loyalty, respect, courtesy, and chivalry has evolved to form an alternative modus operandi that binds those who command to those who obey. According to Pearn (2006) since the Second World War, and specifically since the Nuremberg Trials of 1945 and 1946, the medical ethics responsibilities, indeed some medical ethics rights, of service members have been specified. The International Military Tribunal was established by the London Agreement of August 8, 1945. Representatives from the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union (and with the provisional membership of France) formed the Tribunal. Subsequently, 19 other nations accepted the provisions of its

The Stranger - Orson Welles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Stranger - Orson Welles - Essay Example Classic film noir was developed during and after World War II, taking advantage of the post-war ambience of anxiety, pessimism, and suspicion (Film Noir). The plot of the film follows the pattern usually set for the noir type, that is, the presence of a disillusioned male character and a femme fatale who leads him to his eventual destruction. The lead character is Franz Kindler, played by Welles, who is a Nazi organizer and leader who is supposedly the brains behind the Nazi torture camps. Kindler has gone incognito in a quiet town in New England, and is now a professor at the university. He has also changed his name to Charles Rankin, and nobody knows about his dark past. To make this disguise more legitimate, he has agreed to wed Mary, the daughter of the town’s Supreme Court justice. Unfortunately Wilson knows that Rankin/Kindler is in hiding, so they allow Meinike, Rankin/Kindler’s subordinate, to escape from prison to lead the trail towards the latter’s ulti mate capture. Eventually, Rankin/Kindler’s identity is revealed and the chase between Wilson and Rankin/Kindler leads up to the climax at the clock tower where a tragedy gets to be witnessed by the whole town. The classic film noir tone pervades entirety of the movie. Apart from the black-and-white motif of the film, the majority of the scenes being serious, the characters conversing about humorless topics, there is a general atmosphere of gloom and apprehension that can be felt while watching the film. The crime and drama genre of the movie, plus the suspenseful scenes while Wilson was chasing Rankin/Kindler, also added to the mounting tension and apprehension on the part of the viewer. And then again, Rankin/Kindler’s link to the Nazis and his being a truly violent man behind that innocent face also increases the anticipation in the film. There, at the back of one’s mind are the questions that lurk: â€Å"How will this film end? How will Rankin kill them? Or will he be the one killed? What will triumph – good or evil?† among others. After all, it was only in the later part of the film that Rankin shows his true personality to his wife Mary when he was surprised that she was still alive after he planned her death at the clock tower. It is worth mentioning that the frequent reference to the clock and time are symbolic of the remaining amount of time that the lead character had, and that his evil ways would soon be over. This is further emphasized by the way that Rankin was pierced on his abdomen by the angel’s statue on the clock tower while it was revolving around its usual path about the clock tower. The implication is that good still prevails. For a 1946 film, it could be said that Welles did a great job with the mise-en-scene for the major part of the film. There were a variety of frames and shots captured, and it could be said that the composition was balanced for most of the sequences. Welles used wide shots, mid -shots, close-up shots, some cut-ins and cutaway shots too. They were mostly of eye-level angle, although there were also some of low level, high level and bird’s eye view camera shots, like the time the angel’s statue fell from the tower. As Steve-O writes in Noir of the Week, â€Å"The editing during the clock sequence is just amazing.† (The Stranger, (1946)) As is typical of classic film noir, the lighting for most of the scenes was good, except for those which were ominous and involved some evil schemes concerning the lead character. Since there

Occupational Therapy for Dementia Patients Assignment

Occupational Therapy for Dementia Patients - Assignment Example A patient may display abrupt mood swings, become aggressive and angry due to chemical changes in the brain. The patient may develop fear and frustration as he feels that he is gradually losing knowledge and understanding of his surroundings (Scout News, 2006). A person with AD may live anywhere from three to twenty years after diagnosis. On the final phase of AD, a patient becomes increasingly immobile and dysfunctional, totally incontinent that he cannot control his urine or bowel movement; may become bedridden that bed sores and suffers from muscle pain; may lose the ability to swallow and may not be able to eat or drink properly. At the stage of end of life care, the patient may require feeding tubes, respirator, antibiotics and hospitalization. Occupational therapy is recommended by physicians to help the patient improve the ability to perform daily activities and reduce the pressure on their caregivers (Griffith, 2007). Occupational therapy can improve the daily performance, communication, sense of competence and quality of life of an AD patient. The therapist applies a combination of education, setting feasible goals, using adaptations in physical environment, training compensatory skills, training supervision skills, and changing dysfunctional cognitions on patient behavior. The occupational therapist can help the patient's caregiver to understand the impact of AD ona person's day-to-day function (Scout News, 2006). ... the occupational therapist based on Canada's Occupational Therapy Resource Site (2009): 1) minimize distractions in the environment by reducing excess noise at mealtime and decrease confusion by eating regularly, maintaining same table setting, use plain dishes and minimal cutlery; 2) provide opportunities for independence and personal control by dressing, lay out the clothes in the order that they will be put on by the patient and allow the patient with AD to do as much as he can for himself together with verbal cues and encouragement. When eating, use tableware with enlarged handles, plates with rims, and non-slip placemat to help the patient maintain coordination and be independent; 3) ensure consistency in routines by preparing a schedule of regular daily activities for personal care, medication, meals, leisure, walking, and retiring to bed; 4) maintain a safe and secure environment for the patient by providing grab-bars, non-slip bathmat, bathbench and hand-held shower with ther mostatic shower control in the bathroom; 5) manage stress by developing coping skills, providing support, and counseling; 6) learning about the disease, its effects, and future care. II. Diagnostic procedures and Prognosis of OT Intervention Physicians usually do not tell the patient that he has AD. Only in the case than the patient expresses the need to know the truth that the doctor discloses his condition. The doctor will prescribe drugs to slowdown progression of AD. Drug trials are performed in early stages of AD. Most of the doctors dealing with AD will recommend Occupational Therapy to help the patient improve his capability to perform daily activities and speech therapy to maintain verbal skills of patients with mild symptoms of AD. Another type of therapy developed is

How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders

How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders Sentence to death penalty seldom arises in criminal cases like murder, robbery with violence, forgery amongst others. This paper shall look into: How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders, how it provides justice, how it acts as deterrent when properly implemented, the costs associated to the victims and the offenders; and finally how the long justice process associated with it affect or help the offended. Origin of death penalty This is dated back to 18th century, in the code of king Hammaurabi of Babylon that involved death penalty of 25 different cases. Death penalty was as well part of 14th Century B.Cs Hittite Code, this made death penalty as the punishment for crimes, and such were done through beating, stoning, and burning alive and other crude methods  [1]  . This was later replaced with hanging. The cases that led to death penalties included marrying a Jew, failure to confess sins and treason; these mainly took place in Britain. In Britain, this law was reformed due to severity of the death sentence; this took place in1823 to 1837 by allowing a number of offenders free. Britain influenced America to adopt the capital punishment even for the slightest crime like stealing the grapes .Though in US it varied from state to state. A leading Case of death Penalty In Clark Circuit Court, a case involving a 23 year old Christian and her 11 month baby. These were allegedly murdered by Zachariah the husband and the father of the victims. He stuffed the two in a plastic bag. Autopsy revealed the wife was strangled to death and the child died out of suffocation. Meanwhile Zachariah was out on supervised probation on charges of burglary  [2]  . He admitted to have committed the crime; pled guilty of three counts of murder, and was sentence to life imprisonment with no parole on count, life imprisonment with no parole on count, and 65 years of imprisonment on a fixed term on count. Death Penalty prevents future offenders or murderers The society must lead in fighting for the fundamental rights and freedom of people and this include right to life and hence anyone trying to take this away should be capitally punished to avoid those prospecting to commit the same  [3]  . According to a report by Michigan State University Lab and Death Penalty Information Centre, 2000 -2004.The rates of murders reduces with more convictions of murderers. Though the slow process of justice delays determination of the case affecting the outcome; death penalties need to be fast to be a sure way of deterring the criminals. Ironically, some states do not have death penalties and still record lower criminal cases, but this should not be used as an argument for this vice. This, if allowed for example in the U.S; things can be worst; in that even with death penalties crime rates are still high. Generally, this report concludes that most people fear death and hence death penalty can be used to prevent further criminal acts in the society. Death Penalty does not prevent future offenders or murderers In the above report, it is believed that the society isnt happy with death penalties, and hence its practice may increase the likelihood of more murders. In America, states that do not apply the death penalties have generally lower crime rates including murder cases. Besides, in most European countries and in Canada there are fewer cases of murder compared to the America yet; they do not use the death penalty as the capital punishment for murder. Most of the offenders normally do not consider the death penalty before the actual murder because they commit this out of anger or through drug influence. In America it is reported that most the murder related cases are link to substance abuse. Infact, most states in America have adopted the sentence of life in jail without parole, and hence the offenders will never be released thereby; the security of the society is assured, most of whom tend to settle down in life as prisoners and are rarely a threat again to the community, as opposed to d eath penalty that society perceive to be brutal and in human. Alternatives to death penalty The death penalty has been an issue of great concern among most of the Americans and policymakers have been trying to devise alternatives. The various alternatives have been contested heavily by both the proponents and the opponents. However, there is an overarching concern among most of the America and that the death penalty must be dispensed with and this emanates from both the moral and legal platforms. According to opinion polls carried out in America today there a strong support for the abolition of the death penalty and most of the Americans are advocating for its abolition. The death penalty has been blamed for being used as a tool of racial injustice in the criminal justice system. Alternatives to death penalty include: life imprisonment without parole and restitution, this is less costly than death sentence an keeps the offender away from the society. Restitution, the prisoner will be working while in jail and all the money made goes back to support the family of the victim. Another solution though, controversial is allowing the offenders after serving the jail term to go back to the society where they continue working in the community to support victims family post-release restitution. Rehabilitation or reformatories can also be put in place, this has been used to reform young offenders under the age of twenty; turning their lives around  [4]  . It is as well suggested to be applied to reform the older offenders. Costs of death penalty Privately appealing a capital offence is expensive and hence the poor may not be able get justice, tax money is also used to keep offenders in jail of whom some may be innocent. Most of the offenders and their relatives suffer emotional stress during the slow justice process  [5]  . The death penalty is regarded as an excessive to law and is socially and morally degrading. Recommendations Life is regarded extremely sacred in the society, this does not matter how one kills another. Hanging one in name of crime, however much it could be legal sparks debate. The alternative death penalties described in this paper should not be used by offenders as a gap to commit crime. I still recommend stiffer penalties that could help deter further criminal activities. The rehabilitation and reformation recommendations is a good idea because in most cases under -age offenders involved in such crimes may have acted oblivious of the outcome or accidentally; and hence this opportunity can be used to mould their character other than throwing them to jail; on the contrary , this should not used as a correction tool to adult murderers. Life imprisonment without parole and restitution may be another noble alternative; but it may present a lop-hole in post-release restitution; where the offenders if not supervised well could revert to their usual criminal act. Conclusion This paper has generally discussed death sentence and its results in the society in broader terms. The main issue that, compromises this situation is the enaction of the idea in some countries or states while others do not see it as a good way for correcting a criminal. The option taken by a nation to deter murder should not go against the social ethics or believe; that life is God given. Both schools of thoughts against or for death penalty; should try to reach a common ground to avoid escalarating criminal activities or increasing mortality rate by; either failing to create measures to curb illegality or hanging the murderers respectively.However one fact stands out from the debate, that the death penalty has failed to achieve the intended results that it was intended to and as a result there is a general need for its complete abolition.

How Acid Rain Affects the Aquatic Ecosystem Essay -- Geology

How Acid Rain Affects the Aquatic Ecosystem Abstract This paper shows that acid rain is a reality. It is destroying our freshwater ecosystems and must be stopped in order to save them. If the problem is not fixed soon the aquatic ecosystems will be destroyed. Table of Contents 1. What is acid rain? 2. Acidification of Freshwater 3. Effects of Freshwater Acidification 4. Where is Affected the most? 5. What is being done to fix it? 6. Conclusion 7. References What is acid rain? Acid rain is polluted rain, snow, or fog. The burning of fossil fuels, base metal smelting, and fuel combustion in vehicles emits sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (FAQ Acid Rain). These gases enter the atmosphere and transform into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3), which then acidify the water vapor. The acidified water vapor will then fall to the earth as acid rain, snow, or fog (Acid Rain and the Aquatic). This is called à ¬wet depositionà ®. There is also à ¬dry depositionà ® which falls to the ground in particulate form (FAQ Acid Rain). back to top Acidification of Freshwater The acidification of freshwater lakes and streams is not a new problem. Fish stocks probably died out in many lakes in Norway as early as the turn of the century. In the 1950à ­s and 1960à ­s this was finally associated to acid rain. Yet, it wasn't generally accepted by scientists until the 1970à ­s (Rivers and Lakes). Acid rain either falls directly onto the lake or enters through the catchment (Buchdahl). A very small percentage enters directly so the majority enters through the catchment. The alkaline rich catchments can neutralize the rain. However, not all types of bedrock have the same capability of neu... ...Available http://kola.dcu.ie/~enfo/bs/bs14.htm, October 27, 1998. Acid Rain In Pennsylvania. [Online] Available wysiwyg://115/http://www.dep.state.pa....tate/airwaste/aq/factsheets/fs2036.htm, November 3, 1998. Buchdahl, Joe. Freshwater Acidification. [Online] Available http://www.doc.mmu.ac.uk/aric/freshwat.html, October 28, 1998. Effects of Acid Rain on Water. [Online] Available http://epa.gov/acidrain/student/water.html, October 27, 1998. FAQ Acid Rain. [Online] Available http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/stugeon/acfacts.htm, October, 28, 1998. Krabbenhoft, D.P. and D.A. Rickert. Mercury Contamination of Aquatic Ecosystems. [Online] Available http://wwwdwimdn.er.usgs.gov/pubs/FS-216-95/index.html, October 27, 1998. Rivers and Lakes are Dying. [Online] Available http://odin.dep.no/html/nofovalt/depter/md/publ/acid/Rivers.html, October 27, 1998.

Education and Training Essay

Although a certain degree level is not necessary, some employers will prefer a bachelors or associates degree. The degree field of a 911 dispatcher includes criminal justice, communications, and computer science. Computer skills in typing and computer- aided dispatch software is needed. It is required that you have a clean criminal background, you are able to pass the drug and lie detector test, you have good hearing and vision and you need to have U.S Citizenship. Before becoming a 911 operator, a lengthy application process must become completed. With attached resume, an application for employment must be submitted to an emergency response office Employers usually provide specific training for new operator Receive training on radio equipment, broadcasting, common communication skills, and stress management Training can take 3-6 months to complete Need to complete a certificate program in emergency communications Responsibilities Operate various computer and communication equipment Receive emergency calls from telephone, radio or other computer-aided dispatch system. Determine nature of call and location of the caller Direct the type and number of emergency service units to the scenes. Maintain communication with the caller to monitor the situation and be able to give first-aid instructions. Receive and respond to emergency and non-emergency services and complaints Coordinate the responses of public safety agencies Translate information into the appropriate codes Ask vital questions to the callers Maintain familiarity with specific Safety Operating Procedures and various manuals that include mandatory information Maintain a high level of mental stability and professionalism Be available for shifts at any time needed Daily Activities Use judgement and decision making skills to evaluate situations Work under dramatically stressful situations Establish priorities and pass on information as needed Work rotating shifts during evenings, nights, weekends, and holidays Enter information into the computer at a rate of 30-50 words per minute Maintain confidentiality Demonstrate teamwork during all emergencies Use interpersonal and technical skills Meets ethical guidelines by treating people with respect Documentation of Sources Become a 911 Dispatcher: Education Requirements and Salary Info. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2014, from http://education-portal.com/articles/Become_a_911_Dispatcher_Education_Requirements_and_Salary_Info.html Job Duties of 911 Dispatchers. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2014, from http://www.911dispatcheredu.org/job-description/ The Heart Behind The Voice: 911 Dispatchers. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2014, from http://www.halifaxnc911.com/ESW/Files/E911_Job_Description.pdf Self-Reflection I don’t think that I would like to be a 911 Operator because of having to sit behind a desk and answering emergency phone calls. I think it would put me under a lot of pressure to communicate with those in the emergency situation. Sitting behind a desk and directing things is boring. I like the exhilarating job of being hands on. TOXICOLOGIST Education and Training Start master science courses in middle and high school A bachelor’s degree in toxicology, biology or chemistry is needed Degree program in toxicology requires 127 credits with a focus on natural sciences and biomedical studies After obtaining a bachelor’s degree, a career path is established to determine whether or not to focus on a specialized area of toxicology in graduate school With a doctoral degree, a toxicologist continues with postdoctoral training Seek board certification from a reputable association like the American Board of Forensic Toxicology, which shows level of experience and competence Courses taken to determine how local environmental substances can affect and metabolize within the human body: Industrial and environmental agent toxicology Methods of toxicology analysis Reaction dynamics in physical chemistry Rules of evidence studies Molecular and cellular biology Forensic Toxicology Specialists can be certified through The American Board of Forensic Toxicology (ABFT) Responsibilities Study both physical and chemical agents that interact with the body Specializes in the examination of tissues, bodily fluids and blood. Determine whether illegal substances such as excessive levels of drugs and alcohol were present during the time of the crime Also study animals Find hazardous substances in our water Declare whether cosmetics or everyday substances are safe to use Collect various samples Prepare samples of harmful substances for testing and analysis Dissect dead animals and examine organs for signs of toxic materials Take tissue and blood samples from living animals for microscopic investigation Conduct research to understand how toxins affect people and animals Perform laboratory analysis on samples to observe cellular, biochemical and molecular responses to toxins Determine safe-levels of contact Daily Activities Study of toxic materials and how they affect the environment, human and animal health and future technology Conduct studies on food, air, water and soil to determine how they are altered when coming into contact with medicines, garden chemicals and industrial chemicals Work in labs performing basic or applied research on toxic substances Help enforce new laws enacted by the government about new chemicals and of their effects Play important roles in teamwork of scientists Collaborate with other technicians, scientists and peers when an experiment needs to be conducted quickly and completely. Documentation of Sources (Portal, Education), (n.d.). Forensic toxicology training and degree program information. Retrieved from, http://education-portal.com/articles/Forensic_Toxicology_Training_and_Degree_Program_Information.html (Alyson, Jennifer), (Media, Demand), (n.d.). What are the duties of a Toxicologist? Retrieved from, http://work.chron.com/duties-toxicologist-16885.html (Dunn, Kelly. Peacock), (Media, Demand), (n.d.). Education required for a toxicologist. Retrieved from, http://work.chron.com/education-required-toxicologist-4248.html Self- Reflection I would like to be a Toxicologist because of the way what they do goes with our everyday life such as various cosmetics and water. I didn’t know that they could also examine toxins in animals as well. I found that to be very interesting. I didn’t like that they have to come in contact with harmful chemicals but with the appropriate safety precautions taken, this can be a very fascinating career.

Widget Airlines

Imagine Widgets Airlines, Inc. operates 18-seat commercial flights between New York City and Washington, DC. After 10 seats have been sold on each aircraft, the company has reached the break-even point. Should Widgets consider offering a discounted fare for seats 11 through 18? Yes. Widgets Airlines, Inc. should offer a discount on the remaining seats. What are the advantages and disadvantages of not offering a discount on seats 11 through 18? The advantages of selling at a discounted price are that they would sell their seats faster depending on the price they are selling at.This could be a beneficial by gaining more customers who travel for business on a weekly basis especially on Thursdays. The disadvantage of not offering discounts is that the flight will have empty seats because the price is too high. Even though the company will lose profit initially, the airline will develope a good reputation for low fares and fair treatment; as a result, they will continue to get business. W hat are the advantages and disadvantages of offering a discount on seats 11 through 18?The disadvantages of offering a discount include: unhappy customers (who feel that the discount wasn't good enough, aka insignificant). Another disadvantage is that the company will lose revenue . The advantages include: happy customers (who are glad to have been able to save money and to not have to mess with rebates), selling the seats more quickly, boosting the company's reputation with the promotion, and possibly securing the loyalty of frequent fliers. How would you decide how much of a discount, if any, could be offered? What effect would the discount have on the financial statements of Widgets Airlines, Inc.?We will decide how much of a discount would be offered by comparing the other competitors. For example if the other competitors sell more tickets base on a %20 discounted rates for specific days, the company will adjust its discount rates at %25 on those days. Widgets would not lose any revenue because it is all profit at this point. This would only bring in more customers especially the ones who fly on a weekly basis. The financial statement will stay the same because all companies offer discounts at some point and this would show on the income statement.

Brain Training Exercises. Dont Let Your Brain Dry Out in Summer

Brain Training Exercises. Dont Let Your Brain Dry Out in Summer After another grueling academic year of school work, papers, standardized tests and final exams, its tempting to take the summer off to give your brain a little R R. While some rest is important and even healthy, spending the summer binging on TV or video games is not going to do you any favors as fall comes. If youre not involved in any academic activities over the summer but dont want your brain to dry out before September, try some of these brain training exercises to keep your mind sharp. Learn to Strategize by Playing Chess Chess is more than a game, its a strategic endeavor. It requires patience, calculation and planning in order to be successful. You could join a chess club, hire a chess tutor, download an app and play against the computer or against other players online. As you develop your chess skills, youll learn strategic maneuvers, how to spot your opponents weaknesses and patterns as well as your own. Its an excellent way to keep the brain cells active and charged. Create New Brain Pathways with New Skills Learn a new skill brain activity isnt just sitting down and studying. There are many ways to develop your brain. An interactive way is to learn a new skill. Taking up a dance class or yoga or tai chi class, learning to play an instrument or learning a new language whatever you choose, learning any new skill is proven to strengthen brain activity and develop new brain pathways. The more diverse your brain pathways are, the easier it is for your brain to assimilate new information. In other words, the more new things you do, the smarter you become. Train Your Memory Memorization games are like lifting weights for athletes. They keep your brain muscles toned and strong. You could invent a number of memorization games to practice on your own. If your summer job is waiting tables, try memorizing your customers orders instead of writing them down. Try memorizing the phone numbers in your cell phone, or the birthdays of all your Facebook friends. You could memorize a poem or a speech or advanced multiplication tables. Increase Your Vocabulary Learn a new word each day – it will keep your brain fresh over the summer as well as scoring you some SAT points on exam day. Wordsmith.org has A.Word.A.Day program where they send you a new word every day via email. Solve Puzzles Sudoku is a simple and accessible brain teaser that asks you to solve puzzles and identify patterns based on numbers. You can start out easy and work your way up to â€Å"evil† on websudoku.com. Do Simple Math Problems Stop using a calculator – instead, every time you need to add something, write it down on paper or do the calculation in your head. There are lots of scenarios where you can practise calculating things yourself: When you go out for pizza with your friends, instead of using a calculator to divide the bill, use a piece of paper and make the calculation yourself. Calculate how much youre going to earn at your summer job. Calculate how much youll earn for the summer, for the month, the week, the day, the hour. Calculate the percentage youll need to improve in order to reach your target when taking your next SAT exam. Calculate your GPA. Learn to Concentrate Through Meditation Nowadays, everyone is meditating. The employees at Google have meditation sessions and theyre a pretty smart bunch. Meditation can help your concentration, provide aid with stress management and develop calm and positive thinking. Try this simple exercise: sit in a quiet space and set the timer on your cell phone for 10 minutes. Close your eyes and spend some time noticing if there is any tension in your body and consciously relax these areas. Gradually, begin to notice your thoughts. Without any judgments, just observe them as though you were seeing them from an objective distance. Try to release your mind from all thoughts. You may be able to achieve this for a while and then start having thoughts again. Each time you have thoughts, just observe and try to release them again. Continue releasing tension from the body and thoughts from the mind over the course of ten minutes. This simple meditation exercise is a great way to train yourself to control the direction of your thoughts, a useful skill when studying, writing or taking a test. Good luck and happy brain training!

Conflict of interest in social work policy Case Study

Conflict of interest in social work policy - Case Study Example As social workers strive to maintain the expected professional and personal ethics, they face challenges when handling ethical dilemmas. Usually, there are times when there is an evident conflict between policy and practice and social workers are compelled to make critical decisions when handling such conflicts. The code of ethics is critical in establishing certain ethical standards that define the social work profession. This paper will consider conflicts of interest as one of the ethical standards governing the conduct of social workers. It will present instances of unethical social work behavior and present scenarios whereby there is evident conflict between policy and practice. In such situations, social workers are expected to depict a professional demeanor, and this will be discussed in the paper. According to the code of ethics that social workers rely on for guidelines of their professional behavior, it is evident that they should stay clear from conflicts of interest that compromise their professional discretion motivating them to exhibit partial judgments. Social workers are required to recognize any occurrence of a conflict of interest that may arise between them and their clients and take the necessary steps to address the conflict of interest. Notably, it is the role of the social worker to protect the interests of the client. In serious cases when a conflict of interest arises between a social worker and a client, the situation compels the social worker to terminate the professional relationship (Congress, 2001). After the termination of the professional relationship, the social worker may refer the client to a colleague. These ethical standards also forbid social workers from using professional relationships with clients to promote their interests, whether personal, political, and business or religion. In addition, it is unethical for social workers develop dual or multiple

Theories of National Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Theories of National Culture - Essay Example Some of the famous theories of national culture include Hofsdete’s national culture theory, Hamden-Turner and Trompenaars model, and Edward Hall’s theory. It is important here to understand the link between national culture and organisational or corporate culture. Globalisation has reduced boundaries all over the world and this has led to highly diverse organizations. Employees belonging to different cultures and nationalities are working together in pursuit of the same goals. Employees are greatly influenced by their national cultures and their behaviour is an extension of their cultural values. Managers have to handle diversity and create a corporate culture that is flexible enough to accommodate people from different backgrounds. This is the link between organisational culture and national culture.Hofstde’s national culture theory has 5 dimensions and each explains a specific characteristic of national culture (Hofstede, 1983). All the dimensions can help us b etter understand the cultural values and beliefs of people who belong to those cultures. Most of the relevant information required is given by these 5 dimensions. The factors that distinguish national cultures from each other are grouped into 5 clusters. The first dimension of the theory is power distance that explains the distribution of power in a particular culture (Hofstede, 1983). More specifically this dimension is concerned with the degree of equality or inequality that exists in a culture. The second dimension is of individualism that is related to the extent to which individual or collective interests are pursued in a culture. The third dimension is uncertainty avoidance which explains the degree to which ambiguity is tolerated in a culture or a society (1983). The fourth dimension is masculinity which refers to the degree to which traditional masculine roles are accepted in the society. Initially Hofstede came up with four dimensions but later on he added another dimension of long term orientation or Confucianism (Hofstede, 1994). This dimension refers to the long term focus on traditions and values. All these 5 dimensions help us understand a particular culture better as this theory equips us to evaluate a culture on specific dimensions. Hamden-Turner and Trompenaars also gave a model of national cultures that included 7 dimensions (Hamden-Turner &Trompenaars, 2000). Universalism and pluralism is the first dimension that refers to the degree to which law or personal relationships are considered important in a society. The second dimension is individualism vs. communitarianism which is similar to the dimension of individualism of Hofstede’s model. The third dimension is called ‘specific or diffuse’ which explains how responsibilities are assigned in a society. The other dimensions include affectivity vs. Neutrality, inner directed vs. Outer directed, achieved